Jihad
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[edit] Definition of Jihad
[edit] Linguistic meaning
The world jihad existed before islam - and it meant - exhausting your effort in a deed or word e.g you could be exhausting your effort for shatan , and this would be jihad in a linguistic sense
This is the meaning that is used in the Meccan verses that refer to Jihad (al anakaboot 6 , 8 ,69 - lukman 15)
[edit] Shariah meaning
The shariah meaning is the new meaning of a word that is defined by Islam according to hashit abdu al deen (shafhi book of fiqh) - striving to the limit in fighting in the sake of Allah directly, or by money, or in intellect or by other means (tending to others, preparing food) - must be a deed that relates i.e supports fighting (financial, intellectual etc) - meaning came in Medina
- surat at tawba 41 - march forth wether you are light or heavy and strive with your life and health - only makes sense if it is fighting
- Jihad is a Muslim waging war agianst a non-Muslim who has no peace agreement with Muslims and the fighting is for the sake of the word of Allah to prevail. Jihad is also fighting the non-Muslim who attacks Muslim territory and it is also the Muslims attacking the non-Muslims in their land. (Mawahib al Jaleel fi Sharh Mukhtasar Khalil (Maliki))
mentioned 26 times in medina surahs
[edit] Urfi(customary) meaning
[edit] Amanasalih(technical meaning)
[edit] The Major Jihad and the Minor Jihad
There are various commands in the Qu'ran ordering the Mujahid to fight under the proscribed circumstances.
- “Fighting has been enjoined upon you while it is hateful to you. But perhaps you hate a thing and it is good for you; and perhaps you love a thing and it is bad for you. And Allah knows, while you know not” 2:216
- “And fight in the cause of Allah and know that Allah is Hearing and Knowing” 2:244
- “And if it were not for Allah checking [some] people by means of others, the earth would have been corrupted, but Allah is full of bounty to the worlds” 2:251
- “But when the forbidden months are past, then fight and slay the Pagans wherever ye find them, an seize them, beleaguer them, and lie in wait for them in every stratagem (of war); but if they repent, and establish regular prayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.”9:5
- “Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth [i.e., Islam] from those who were given the Scripture – (fight) until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled”9:29
There are two branches of Jihad, the Major Jihad, and the minor Jihad. Various modern references suggest that the minor jihad is the main meaning, however the following Islamic references show that the main meaning of Jihad is fighting.
- The objection of women: When women came to the Messenger of Allah and complained that the men join you in jihad while we don’t. The Messenger of Allah told them that the jihad of women is hajj.It is obvious here that jihad refers to combat. If it meant struggle of the soul then why can’t the women do it?
- Abu Huraira states that the Messenger of Allah was asked: “Is there any deed equivalent to jihad?” He said, “Yes, but you wont be able to do it” The third time he said, “What is equivalent to the mujahid is the one who is fasting, and praying continuously until the mujahid comes back”7 In other words comes back from combat. Coming back from struggle of the soul would make no sense.
- Abu Hurairah states that the Messenger of Allah was asked, “O Messenger of Allah, guide me to a deed equivalent to jihad” He said, “I don’t find any!” Then he said, “When the mujahid goes on jihad, can you enter your masjid and pray continuously, and fast and never break your fast?” The man said, “and who could do that!”Al-Bukhari
- hadith: (we came back from the minor jihad to the major jihad - ibn taymihahh said this was fabricated)[1]
[edit] Jihad Fard Kifayah or Fard Ayn
Is Jihad Fard Kifayah Or Fard Ayn? Ibn Nahass says that according to the consensus of the scholars Ijmaa Jihad is Fard Kifayah. However he states that Ibn al Musayeb and Ibn Shubrummah state it is Fard Ayn on each and every individual.
- The imam of al Haramain says: “I adopt the opinion of the scholars ofusool. They stated that Jihad is a mandatory call and must be established according to the ability until none remains in the world but a Muslim or one who has submitted to Muslims. Thus, Jihad is not limited to once a year. It should be done more frequently if possible. What the scholars of
fiqh stated is because usually the time spent in preparations for combat limit the ability to wage war to once a year.”
- Al Qurtubi states in his tafseer: “It is mandatory on the Imam to send an army of Muslims to the land of the enemy once every year and the Imam should participate himself in such expeditions. If not, then he should send someone capable whom he trusts, to call them to Islam, keep away their harm, to give victory to the religion of Allah, until they enter Islam or pay jizyah”
See Main Article on the Obligation of Jihad ...
[edit] Virtues of Jihad
- “Not equal are those believers remaining [at home] – other than the disabled – and the Mujahideen in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives. Allah has preferred the Mujahideen through their wealth and their lives over those who remain [behind], by degrees. And to all, Allah has promised the best [reward]. But Allah has preferred the mujahideen over those who remain [behind] with a great reward. Degrees from Him and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is ever Forgiving and Merciful.”95-96
- “So let those fight in the cause of Allah who sells the life of this world for the Hereafter. And he who fights in the cause of Allah and is killed or achieves victory – We will bestow upon him a great reward.”74
- “The ones who have believed, emigrated and striven in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives are greater in rank in the sight of Allah. And it is those who are the attainers [of success]. Their Lord gives them good tidings of mercy from Him and approval and of gardens for them wherein is enduring pleasure. Abiding therein forever. Indeed, Allah has with Him a great reward.”20-22
- “Indeed, Allah has purchased from the believers their lives and their properties [in exchange] for that they will have Paradise. They fight in the cause of Allah, so they kill and are killed. [It is] a true promise [binding] upon Him in the Torah and the Gospel and the Qu'ran. And who is truer to his covenant than Allah? So rejoice in your transaction, which you have contracted. And it is that which is the great attainment.”111
